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Lots of other Scientologist-run services and companies belong to the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which certifies the use of Hubbard's management teachings, and distributes directory sites of WISE-affiliated services. WISE requires those who want to end up being Hubbard management speaks with to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which provides an Associate of Applied Science Degree.


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Another well-known WISE-affiliated organization is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Government Innovation and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Federal government is a division of e. Republic that was founded in 1999. Internet ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology enterprise.


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This section needs growth. You can help by adding to it. In order to facilitate the continued growth of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the type of effective or reputable people. Scientology. Though it has achieved some trustworthiness as a faith in numerous countries, Scientology has actually likewise been referred to as both a cult and a business business.


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For example, it has actually been noted to take part in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by determining as Level playing field people it views as its enemies. In 1979, numerous Scientology members were convicted for their participation in the church's Operation Snow White, the biggest theft of government files in U.S.


Scientologists were also founded guilty of scams, manslaughter and damaging witnesses in French cases, harmful libel against attorney Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Faiths in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner mentions that Scientology's "high level of visibility" might be viewed as "threatening to established social organizations".


From 1952 until 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS became the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was integrated in California on February 18, 1954, altering its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.


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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were industrial and run for the advantage of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, but its growth continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology were in 52 countries by the time the 80s came in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church sued and lost repeatedly for 26 years attempting to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was ultimately settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had at first demandedand the IRS recognized the church as a tax-exempt not-for-profit company.


Scientology mentions its tax exemption as evidence the United States federal government accepts it as a religion. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in products for the inbound Barack Obama administration to examine, as figured out in a web poll run by the governmental shift group soliciting public input for the inbound administration.


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State Department has criticized Western European countries for discrimination versus Scientologists in its released annual International Religious Liberty report, based on the International Religious Flexibility Act of 1998. In some countries Scientology is dealt with legally as a company, and not as a faith or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was given a tax-exemption for the 10% license fees sent out to the US. The word Scientology (and many associated terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up trademark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a tough line on people and groups who attempt to use it in methods unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard designated Mary you can try these out Sue Hubbard to take control of specific elements of legal protection for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was produced with its head workplace located at Saint Hill Manor - Perth Scientology. Under The Guardian's Workplace (later renamed the Workplace of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted personnel from Bureau One later organized and dedicated one of the biggest penetration of United States federal agencies ever committed by an organization not associated with a foreign government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution described their actions as such: The criminal activity dedicated by these offenders is of a breadth and scope previously unprecedented. No structure, workplace, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and prying. No person or company was totally free from their despicable conspiratorial minds.


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The Church has likewise in the past made use of aggressive techniques a knockout post in dealing with those it sees as attempting to reduce them, called Suppressive Persons (SPs) first laid out by Hubbard as part of a policy called level playing field. Perth Scientology. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expos book about the Church and its founder.


Utilizing blank paper understood to have actually been dealt with by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb threats in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department started prosecution, which might have sent out Cooper to jail for a prolonged term. The Church's strategy was found at the exact same time as its Operation other Snow White actions were revealed.

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